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Rolls (2022) - NeuroImage

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Rolls, E. T., Deco, G., Huang, C.-C., & Feng, J. (2022). The human language effective connectome. NeuroImage, 258, 119352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119352

Rolls (2022) - NeuroImage

  • Paper gelesen?

ich glaube, das Paper ist für uns erstmal nicht so relevant, weil es eben diese drei Gruppen bildet und dann auch nur auf die Semantik eingeht und nicht den auditory where stream behandelt.

  • Infos ausgeschrieben?

PGi

  • a whole row of cortical regions extending almost continuously from PGi through the inferior parts of the superior temporal sulcus (STSvp and STSva) and TE1a to reach TGd (Figs. 1 and 7a). Indeed, it is notable that Group 1 includes regions in the inferior parts of the cortex in the superior temporal sulcus (STSva, STSvp, and also the more inferior TE1a), and with the posterior and also relatively inferior parietal region PGi (see Fig. 1). This may thus be thought of as an inferior language-related system as far as the temporal lobe is concerned.

Groups:

  • Group 1: STSva STSvp TE1a TGd PGi 10v 9m 10pp 47s 8Av 8BL 9a 9p
  • Group 2: TGv 44 45 47l SFL 55b
  • Group 3: A5 STGa STSda STSdp PSL STV TPOJ1

Group 1:

  • Group 1 also has effective connectivity with the medial orbitofrontal cortex (OFC and pOFC) and related ventromedial prefrontal cortex areas 9m, d32, 10v and 10r
  • Group 1 regions have effective connectivity with the temporal pole (TGd, TGv). The Group 1 regions also have connectivity with parietal areas (especially PGi, and to some extent PF and PGs) much more extensively than other groups.
  • Group 1 also has effective connectivity with region 45 (part of Broca’s area); and the adjacent regions 47s and 47l (which appear to be parts of the inferior frontal gyrus / lateral orbitofrontal cortex
  • Group 1 has extensive effective connectivity with dorsolateral prefrontal cortex regions (as does Group 2 but not Group 3), including areas 8Av, 8BL, 8C, 9a and 9p. There is also some effective connectivity with the Superior Frontal Language area (SFL)
  • Group 1 (in contrast with Groups 2 and 3) has no effective connectivity with IFJa and IFSp (which are just superior to region 44). Group 1 receives no effective connectivity from the PeriSylvian Language area (PSL), the Superior Temporal Visual area (SVT), or the temporal-parietal-occipital junction (TPOJ) regions.
  • the effective connectivities are stronger from these Group 1 areas to areas 44, 45 and 47s, which can be seen as output regions for the Group 1 regions.
  • and some more interaction with region 44 in addition to 45 (Broca’s area).
    STSvp
  • STSvp is one key region, for it has effective connectivity with all Group 1 and 2 regions, and to half of the Group 3 regions. The Group 1 regions receive from anterior inferior temporal cortex areas (TE1a, TE1m, TE2a) much more extensively than any other Group

Summary Group 1: STSva STSvp TE1a TGd PGi 10v 9m 10pp 47s 8Av 8BL 9a 9p

  • In summary, the Group 1 regions form a community that receives from a number of brain areas close to the top of processing hierarchies; has connectivity with reward value / emotion-related medial orbitofrontal cortex and related ventromedial prefrontal cortex areas; with hippocampal system memory-related regions; and with the frontal pole; and has effective connectivity directed to a number of Group 2 areas, including regions 44 and 45 that relate to Broca’s area. These Group 1 regions tend to relate to inferior STS regions (STSva and STSvp).

discussion Group 1:

  • A system (Group 1) involving cortical inferior regions of the superior temporal sulcus (STS) with the adjacent inferior temporal visual cortex TE1a and temporal pole TG and the connected parietal PGi regions has effective connectivity with inferior temporal visual cortex (TE) regions, with parietal PFm which also has connectivity with visual regions, with posterior cingulate cortex and parahippocampal TF memory-related regions, with the frontal pole, with the medial orbitofrontal cortex and related ventromedial prefrontal cortex reward-related regions, with the frontal pole, with the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and with 44 and 45 (‘Broca’s area’) for output regions. It also receives inputs from PGs which includes visuo-motor as well as visual object system connectivity (Rolls et al., 2022a). It is proposed later in the Discussion that this system can build in its temporal lobe (inferior STS and TG) and parietal parts (PGi and PGs) semantic representations of objects incorporating especially their visual properties. Damage to parts of this system may be associated with for example alexia.

Group 2:

  • Group 2 regions have robust effective connectivity with 55b (located in premotor cortex between the frontal eye fields FEF and PEF); with superior (STSda, STSdp, STGa) as well as an inferior region (STSvp but much less STSva) in the superior temporal sulcus (STS); TE2a; the Peri-Sylvian Language area (PSL) (and some connectivity with nearby STV and TPOJ1);
  • strong effective connectivity between the members of this group such as 44, 45, 47l but also with the nearby a47r and 47s; with inferior frontal gyrus IFja and IFSp; with dorsolateral prefrontal cortex regions; and especially strongly with the Superior Frontal Language area (SFL)

differences of 44 and 45:

  • A difference between the effective connectivity of 44 and 45 is that 45 receives effective connectivity from more Group 1 regions, including TGd, 9m, 9a, 8Av and 47 s.
  • regions to which regions 44 and 45 do connect towards include premotor 55b; STSdp and STSvp; medial prefrontal 8BM and 9m; 47l, IFJa and IFSp; 8BL and 8C; and especially strongly to the Superior Frontal Language area (SFL).

differences Group 2 to Group 1:

  • including more connectivity with superior STS areas (STSda, STSdp and also STGa) and less with STSva an inferior STS region; in having little connectivity with TE1a and TE1m though there is connectivity with TE2a; in having connectivity with inferior frontal gyrus regions IFja and IFSp (which are just superior to 44 and 45); and in having especially strong effective connectivity with SFL.

discussion group 2:

  • A largely frontal system (Group 2: regions 44, 45, 47l; 55b; and the Superior Frontal Language region (SFL)) especially associated with the temporal pole TGv, appears to provide output regions for the other parts of the language system, and is likely it is suggested below to be involved in speech production and syntax.

Group 3:

  • connectivity with temporal pole TGv and TGd; with 44 and 45; with inferior prefrontal IFJa and IFsp; some connectivity with the Superior Frontal Language region (SFL); and rather little connectivity with dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
  • TPOJ1 and STV regions have effective connectivity with some visual cortical regions (FFC, PIT, MST, MT, FEF); some auditory regions (Belt regions, A1, A4, A5, which are immediately superior to the STSdp regions; somatosensory regions in the frontal operculum (FOP, insula and parietal PF); TPOJ2 and TPOJ3; p24pr in the midcingulate premotor cortex (Rolls et al., 2022d)
  • suggesting the midcingulate cortex as an output region for the PSL
  • Group 3 regions (as does Group 1) have stronger effective connectivity directed towards regions 44 and 45 (related to Broca’s area).

discussion group 3:

  • Another system (Group 3) involving superior regions of the superior temporal sulcus (STS) and a whole set of superior temporal lobe regions (including STGa, auditory A5, TPOJ1, the STV and the Peri-Sylvian Language area (PSL)) have effective connectivity with auditory areas (A1, A4, A5, Pbelt), with relatively early visual areas involved in motion, e.g., MT and MST, and faces (FFC), with somatosensory regions (frontal opercular FOP, insula and parietal PF), with other TPOJ regions, and with the inferior frontal gyrus regions (IFJa and IFSp). It is proposed later in the Discussion that this system builds semantic representations specialising in auditory and the related facial motion information useful in theory of mind and somatosensory / body image information, with outputs directed not only to regions 44 and 45, but also to premotor 55b and midcingulate premotor cortex. Damage to parts of this system might be associated with for example problems in auditory comprehension and phonology. Both Groups 1 and 3 have access to the hippocampal episodic memory system via parahippocampal TF.

Most of the analysis presented so far has been for the left hemisphere, or of the left hemisphere with the right hemisphere.

  • The blue colour in Figs. S6 and S7 indicates stronger effective connectivity in the left hemisphere, and is found for many of the STS and related auditory cortex regions; to 55b which is proposed as a premotor output region for vocalization; the temporal pole regions TGv and TGd; parietal PGi; the frontal pole regions (10 and 9); inferior frontal regions 44, 45, 47l and IFSp; and for dorsolateral prefrontal 8Av.

TPOJ:

  • A key region for multimodal convergence is the set of temporoparieto-occipital junction regions TPOJ1-3, which are highly connected with each other (Figs. 2 and 3), and which between them have effective connectivities with all the major systems just described, including visual, auditory, STS, PF, and PGi (Rolls et al., 2022a). The implication is that in terms of connectivity the TPOJ2 and TPOJ3 regions both of which have connectivity with the Group 3 regions (Figs. 2 and 3) contribute to bringing together semantic representations involving all of these types of representation in the brain. Further, the Group 3 region PSL, the Peri-Sylvian Language region, receives effective connectivity from PF (Fig. 2) which can be considered as the top of the somatosensory hierarchy (Rolls et al., 2022a). Another input to the TPOJ regions comes from the cortex just lateral to the fusiform face area, which is the visual word-form area (VWFA)

see also

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Created: 2025-11-20 15:14